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高考語法填空題考查過的考點(diǎn)有:時態(tài)和語態(tài)、非謂語動詞、助動詞、形容詞、副詞、名詞、冠詞、代詞、介詞、連詞、連接詞、關(guān)系詞、祈使句。
這些考點(diǎn)共涉及到《英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》中的19個語法項(xiàng)目,暫時在高考中沒有考到的語法項(xiàng)目有:數(shù)詞、省略、倒裝、強(qiáng)調(diào)、虛擬語氣。另外,動詞中的情態(tài)動詞以及除一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時外的時態(tài)目前均沒有在高考中考查過。
11招解題技巧
本題型分兩種情況:一種為有提示詞,一種為無提示詞。今天給大家分享11個破解語法填空的實(shí)用技巧,助你高考英語語法填空輕松拿高分!
有提示詞題型
這種考查形式主要考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化、形容詞或副詞的比較級與高級變化、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)(含主謂一致)以及動詞的非謂語形式。這類題同樣需先判斷設(shè)空處在句中的功能,其次再確定該用什么形式。
1 提示詞是動詞
動詞的變化是語法填空題考查的重點(diǎn)之一。提示詞為動詞時可能考查謂語動詞、非謂語動詞或名詞等。
a. 考查謂語動詞時需考慮時態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致等。如:
Steam engines ________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been ...
解析:此處描述的是1863年倫敦地鐵的情況,主語Steam engines是復(fù)數(shù),且是謂語動詞use所表示動作的承受者,故填were used。
b. 考查非謂語動詞時需考慮用動詞-ing形式、過去分詞還是不定式,同時還要考慮非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。如:
【例1】My ambassadorial duties will include ________ (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre ...
解析:設(shè)空處作賓語,且表示多次重復(fù)發(fā)生的動作,故填introducing。
【例2】Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ________ (create) special designs.
解析:workers與create之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,且此處表目的,故填to create。
c. 考查名詞時需注意名詞的數(shù)。如:
Magically, that show remains the Great Jason's best ________ (perform) to this day.
解析:由the Great Jason's best可知設(shè)空處應(yīng)填名詞且意為“表演”,再根據(jù)that show remains可知應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,故填performance。
2 提示詞是形容詞
此時可能考查提示詞的反義詞、副詞、比較等級或名詞等。
a. 考查提示詞的反義詞時需根據(jù)文章邏輯判斷。如:
A person's weight is private, and making comments about it is definitely considered ________ (polite).
解析:由private(私密的)可知,評論別人的體重被認(rèn)為是不禮貌的,故填impolite。
b. 考查副詞時,設(shè)空處修飾動詞、形容詞或整個句子。如:
The title will be ________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
解析:設(shè)空處修飾謂語動詞,故填副詞officially。
c. 考查比較等級時,應(yīng)考慮用比較級還是高級。如:
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (識別) those of ________ (great) and less importance.
解析:and連接并列成分,由and后的less可知應(yīng)填great的比較級greater。此處意為“識別較重要的和不太重要的”。
d. 考查名詞時,需注意名詞的數(shù)。如:
In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ________ (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.
解析:設(shè)空處意為“能力”,即不用電器就能調(diào)節(jié)室溫的這一種能力,故填ability。
3 提示詞是副詞
此時可能考查比較等級或其反義形式。如:
【例1】We've been describing New Zealand as a rock star in the sense that it has been doing ________ (well) than almost all of the other developed world economies over the past couple of years.
解析:由than可知此處需填比較級,且此處意為“做得更好”,故填well的比較級better。
【例2】He was well hidden, but at last he was ________ (luckily) found.
解析:由well hidden和but可知,此處意為“不幸地被發(fā)現(xiàn)了”,故填unluckily。
4 提示詞是名詞
此時可能考查名詞的數(shù)或形容詞。如:
a. 名詞的數(shù)通常需要根據(jù)主語、謂語、定語等來判斷。如:
【例1】This trend ... has had some unintended side ________ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
解析:由some及overweight and heart disease可知,“這個趨勢有一些沒有預(yù)料到的負(fù)作用”,故填effect的復(fù)數(shù)形式effects。
【例2】It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ________ (crowd) on the roads above ...
解析:由形容詞terrible和括號中的crowd可知,此處應(yīng)填名詞,意為“人群”;作此義項(xiàng)講時crowd是可數(shù)名詞,再結(jié)合句意可知應(yīng)填其復(fù)數(shù)形式crowds。
b. 形容詞通常作定語或表語。如:
As ________ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ...
解析:設(shè)空處作定語修飾名詞architects,故填natural(天生的)。
無提示詞題型
這種形式考查的內(nèi)容主要是冠詞、介詞、助動詞、連詞、關(guān)系詞和固定結(jié)構(gòu)等。因?yàn)闆]有提示詞,所以考生需要根據(jù)一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)、短文大意、上下文的邏輯關(guān)系及對一些長難句結(jié)構(gòu)的分析來確定所填內(nèi)容。
5 考查冠詞
主要考查冠詞的基本用法及短語中的冠詞。如:
The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, ________ other is with mum — she never suspects.
解析:短語one ... the other ...意為“一個……另一個……”,符合題意,故填the。
6 考查介詞
主要考查介詞的基本用法及短語中的介詞。如:
Drinking my iced coffee I ran my fingers along the streets ________ the hotel to the opera hall.
解析:此處意為“從……到……”,故填from。
7 考查助動詞
需要找出所缺成分并考慮時態(tài)。如:
Then the driver stood up and asked, “________ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”
解析:由asked和問號可知引號中內(nèi)容是個疑問句,同時分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知設(shè)空處需填助動詞,再由句中的last stop可知句中的謂語應(yīng)用一般過去時,故填Did。
8 考查連詞
包括并列連詞和從屬連詞。如:
I made my way backstage just ________ the great magician was putting on his top hat.
解析:設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)狀語從句,且此處意為“正當(dāng)……時”,故填as / when。
9 考查連接詞
包括連接代詞和連接副詞。如:
It's amazing ________ often people say “If I can help just one ...”.
解析:設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)主語從句,且修飾often,故填how。
10 考查關(guān)系詞
關(guān)鍵在于分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并找出先行詞。如:
... the ring ... was spread over the garden, ________ it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生長) through it.
解析:設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞garden,且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,故填where。
11 考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)
包括固定短語和句型。如:
Pahlsson screamed ________ loudly that her daughter came running from the house.
解析:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處考查so ... that ... 句型,意為“如此……以致于……”。so修飾副詞loudly。
這十一條解題技巧,囊括了高考英語語法填空題的大部分考查方向??赐赀@些技巧,你是不是想馬上實(shí)戰(zhàn)一把,看看自己能拿多少分?
部分內(nèi)容預(yù)覽
閱讀下面的短文,在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
What can you do if shops don’t sell the clothes you want? How can you get the clothes you want if you don’t have much cash?
Young 1. ________ (create) people in the UK have always come up 2. ________ ways to express their individuality through their clothes. “Printing your own T-shirt is 3. ________ easiest and most common way to adapt clothes,” John said. “You don’t have to make a T-shirt. You can buy a cheap T-shirt and add an image of your choice.”
Everyone 4. ________ (know) students don’t have a lot of money. That doesn’t have to be a problem if you’ve got a bit of 5. ________ (imagine) and a sewing machine. “Once I found a pair of trousers 6. ________ I liked but I couldn’t afford them. I bought some cloth of the same colour and copied the trousers, 7. ________ (use) my mum’s sewing machine,” Corinne said. “I went back to the shop wearing my homemade trousers 8. ________ (see) if they were the same as the ones in the shop. And I thought they were much better!”
Buying second-hand clothes is another fashion option for many young Brits to get individual styles. “I 9. ________ (real) love changing second-hand clothes. I can make skirts shorter or longer. Sometimes I just change all the 10. ________ (button) to give clothes a new look. By adapting these clothes you can be sure you will always have something original as well as cheap,” said Helen.
答案及解析:
1. creative??疾樾稳菰~作定語的用法。設(shè)空處修飾people,表示“有創(chuàng)造力的”,故填creative。
2. with??疾榻樵~。come up with意為“想出”。
3. the??疾槎ü谠~。形容詞高級前常用定冠詞the。
4. knows??疾橐话悻F(xiàn)在時。由語境可知,know所表示的動作是對一般情況的描述,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時,又因?yàn)橹髡Z是Everyone,故填knows。
5. imagination??疾槊~。設(shè)空處作of的賓語,表示“想象力”,故填imagination
6. that / which??疾殛P(guān)系代詞。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句修飾 a pair of trousers,且在從句中作liked的賓語,故填 that / which。
7. using??疾閯釉~-ing形式作狀語的用法。I 與use之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,且use所表示的動作與謂語動詞copied所表示的動作同時發(fā)生,故填using。
8. to see??疾椴欢ㄊ阶鳡钫Z的用法?!拔掖┲灾频难澴踊氐缴痰辍钡哪康氖恰翱纯此麄兏昀锏氖遣皇且粯印?,故填to see。
9. really??疾楦痹~。設(shè)空處修飾動詞love,表示“非?!保侍顁eally。
10. buttons。考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。由前面的all可知,應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù),故填buttons。
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