在托??荚囍?,口語部分可能是很多學(xué)生覺得最為緊張的一個(gè)單項(xiàng)。題型多變,題目內(nèi)容更是涉及生活的各個(gè)方面??谡Z部分一共有六道題,前面兩道題因?yàn)椴灰蠼Y(jié)合任何聽力和閱讀材料內(nèi)容,直接要求學(xué)根據(jù)題目所給出的話題進(jìn)行理由論述,而被稱為口語獨(dú)立題。
獨(dú)立題主要分為四大題型:列舉題,三選一,評(píng)價(jià)類,和描述題,然而不管是哪一種題型,題目都明確表示要 “Use details and examples in your response.”
大多數(shù)中國考生在回答這兩個(gè)題的時(shí)候都會(huì)遇到一個(gè)問題:段落過于空泛,答案明顯不充實(shí),很多時(shí)候說出的論據(jù)其實(shí)都只是在反復(fù)解釋重申自己的主旨句,而不是在按照題目所要求的用細(xì)節(jié)支撐自己的觀點(diǎn)。
那我們今天就來講幾種用細(xì)節(jié)支撐自己的觀點(diǎn)的方法!
我們來看這個(gè)范文:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement that parents should put more pressure on students than before?
I disagree with the statement that parents should put more pressure on their children for the following reasons. First, students are already under tremendous pressure as they are. For example, in China, a typical high school student takes eight hours of class a day, Monday through Friday. After school, they have to face a mountain pile of homework assignments. Not to mention all the quiz, exams and presentations they have to be ready for. In my opinion, parents should encourage their kids to participate in activities that are not school related, things like traveling and volunteering.
我們?cè)谥v學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)壓力大課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)重的時(shí)候,可以用具體的數(shù)字來表示他們每天花非常多的時(shí)間在學(xué)校作業(yè)上,如范文中的“eight hours”。
相似的類型比如:
在交通工具的選擇上,坐地鐵到底有多方便呢,與其空談地鐵多好多方便,不如給出具體的數(shù)字來對(duì)比:I used to spend about an hour on my way to work but now, it only takes me twenty minutes and I don't need to worry about the risk of traffic jams.
再舉一個(gè)例子:
職業(yè)類型的題目中,警察的工作到底壓力多大呢,反反復(fù)復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)他們壓力大工作辛苦和無私付出,不如用直觀的數(shù)字:“My dad used to be a police officer and I remember there were several times he left home at 3 o’clock in the morning after answered emergency phone calls.”
我們?cè)谟眉?xì)節(jié)支撐自己的觀點(diǎn)時(shí),可以在論據(jù)中加入適當(dāng)?shù)臄?shù)字。用數(shù)據(jù)說話,使你的論點(diǎn)更有說服力。
抽象的東西具體化:
我們來看這篇范文:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to live at a place there the climate stays the same all year around.
I think it’s better to live at places where the climate changes all year around. First, we get to do some different activities during different seasons. Take Beijing for example. The temperature and climate changes from season to season pretty dramatically here. That means I can fly a kite in spring, swim in an outdoor pool and enjoy the sunlight in summer, take beautiful pictures of leaves during autumn and ski with friends when snow builds up in winter. Also, when the temperature fluctuates, our life style changes with it, our body adapts too. I believe this is good for our immune system.
我們?cè)诒硎鲆恍┍容^寬泛的主題的時(shí)候,比如“do some sports” 或者“relax ourselves”的時(shí)候,可以用具體的活動(dòng),動(dòng)作,將這些抽象的概念具體化。像范文中,具體舉例了“fly a kite”還有“swim in the pool”等等。
相似的類型比如:
在介紹“my favorite restaurant”的時(shí)候,如果只是反復(fù)說“their environment is good and the food there is delicious” 是不是顯得很空洞呢。
我們來積累一些較細(xì)節(jié)的詞匯讓我們?cè)诮榻B餐館的時(shí)候可以更加細(xì)節(jié)更加生動(dòng):
Happy hour
Buy one get one free
Tender and juicy
Chef’s recommendation
Tuesday Special
Main course
Side dish
balanced diet 等等
這就是我們?cè)跍?zhǔn)備口語過程中非常重要的環(huán)節(jié),語料積累。語料(pre-assembled chunk)的積累讓你不再“囊中羞澀”。大量的有意義的短語和固定搭配最終會(huì)形成你自己的語料庫,在考試時(shí)根據(jù)題目類型調(diào)配組合,那么自然可以在短短的口語考試規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi),給出高質(zhì)量的答案。
一個(gè)滿意的答案,形成往往分三步:1. 形成構(gòu)思,想法:conceptualize,2. 再用自己的語言能力支撐:formulate,3. 最后用語言表達(dá)出來:articulate
在口語獨(dú)立題的備考過程中,最開始我們可以采用背誦優(yōu)秀段落的形式,大量的輸入是一切一切的基礎(chǔ)。一些高質(zhì)量的答案我們拿來背誦,反復(fù)錄音練習(xí),是一種很有效很重要的起步訓(xùn)練。