關(guān)于托??荚囍杏龅降耐懈T囶}類型,新航道小編給同學(xué)們整理了一下。今天我們將首先討論的是在新托??荚囍腥绾翁幚黹喿x修辭題。希望同學(xué)們能從中找到答案的規(guī)律,在考試中幫助到你。
托福試題類型
修辭目的題(Rhetorical Purpose):考查讀者透過表面特定的修辭方法/方式發(fā)掘潛在的目的能力。要求讀者發(fā)現(xiàn)外在修辭特征背后的修辭目的。
例題:
Fine-art objects are not constructed by the laws of physics in the same way that applied-art objects are. Because their primary purpose is not functional, they are only limited in terms of the materials used to make them. Sculptures must, for example, be stable, which requires an understanding of the properties of mass, weight distribution, and stress. Paintings must have rigid stretchers so that the canvas will be taut, and the paint must not crack, deteriorate, or discolor. These are problems that must be overcome by the artist because they tend to intrude upon his or her conception of the work. For example, in the early Italian Renaissance, bronze statues of horses with a raised foreleg usually had a cannonball under that hoof. This was done because the cannonball was needed to support the weight of the leg. In other words, the demand of the laws of physics, not the sculptor’s aesthetic intentions, placed the ball there. That this device was a necessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the cannonball disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces (iron being much stronger than bronze).
Why does the author discuss the bronze statues of horses created by artists in the early Italian Renaissance?
A. To provide an example of a problem related to the laws of physics that an artist tries to overcome.
B. To argue that fine artists are unconcerned with the laws of physics
C. To contrast the relative sophistication of modern artists in solving problems related to the laws of physics
D. To note an exceptional piece of art constructed without the aid of technology
[解析]
正確的答案是A。這是一整篇章的節(jié)選。有關(guān)完整的文章,請(qǐng)參考本書第18頁(yè)的文章。本文從不同的角度分析了applied-art object和fine-art object的區(qū)別。如果我們閱讀全文,我們將知道這個(gè)話題中的這一段是如何從物理定律應(yīng)用到這兩種藝術(shù)作品的。具體來(lái)說(shuō),這一段是關(guān)于物理定律是如何應(yīng)用于fine-art object上的。
這一段的句和第二句告訴我們:“在運(yùn)用物理規(guī)律時(shí),美術(shù)物品不同于應(yīng)用藝術(shù)品?!迸c應(yīng)用藝術(shù)品不同的是,在應(yīng)用物理規(guī)律時(shí),美術(shù)對(duì)象更注重材料的使用而不是功能。這些信息不包括選項(xiàng)B,因?yàn)樗囆g(shù)家在制作美術(shù)物品時(shí)也關(guān)心物理,只是從功能轉(zhuǎn)移到物質(zhì)應(yīng)用。在接下來(lái)的幾句話中,作者給出了具體的細(xì)節(jié),考生不必過于死板地理解細(xì)節(jié)中的每一個(gè)詞,相反,考生應(yīng)該從下面這幾個(gè)詞中學(xué)習(xí):為了使雕塑穩(wěn)定,藝術(shù)家必須了解質(zhì)量、重量分布和壓力的物理規(guī)律。藝術(shù)家還必須了解一些物理規(guī)律,這樣他們的畫才能避免“畫布繃緊,油漆不能開裂、變質(zhì)或變色”這樣的破壞。在這兩個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)之后,作者說(shuō)“這些是藝術(shù)家必須克服的問題,因?yàn)樗鼈兺鶗?huì)干擾他或她對(duì)作品的概念”,這些都是藝術(shù)家在完成作品時(shí)必須克服的問題。然后用這個(gè)例子來(lái)給出一個(gè)具體的例子,這個(gè)例子也是一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。這個(gè)例子是為了表明“這些問題是藝術(shù)家在完成他的作品時(shí)必須克服的”,所以很明顯,它們符合選項(xiàng)A。
以上是新航道小編給大家整理的托??荚囍械男揶o目的題的解決思路,希望大家更多的進(jìn)行練習(xí)分析實(shí)踐,掌握解答問題的技巧和方法。更多類型的考題將在新航道托福頻道為大家講解或者在線我們。