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文章來(lái)源:北京智美教育 已幫助:1430人
新托??谡Z(yǔ)考題共分為兩種類型:獨(dú)立型和綜合型。在這兩種形式中,又包含了六道題目。今天我們要探討是口語(yǔ)的第三道題,即“綜合型”題目里的道。不同于和第二道題目的純口語(yǔ)回答,在“綜合型”的題目中,考生需要閱讀一篇討論校園某項(xiàng)新政策的小文章,然后考生會(huì)聽(tīng)到一段對(duì)話,此對(duì)話中包含兩位學(xué)生談?wù)撻喿x材料中所討論的政策。對(duì)話結(jié)束后,題目會(huì)要求考生總結(jié)強(qiáng)烈贊同或者不贊同該政策的那個(gè)學(xué)生的觀點(diǎn)。今天我們將結(jié)合真題,就第三道題目的考點(diǎn)及答題要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行深入的探討。
一、提問(wèn)形式
在考生讀完文章并且聽(tīng)完對(duì)話后,會(huì)聽(tīng)到并且在電腦屏幕上看到題目??忌鷷?huì)有30秒鐘的準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間,在這期間,考生可以思考、查看筆記并且標(biāo)注關(guān)鍵詞。在聽(tīng)到“嗶”的一聲之后,考生會(huì)有60秒的時(shí)間回答。Task 3的題目要求都非常相似,例如:
1.The man expresses his opinion of the university’s plan to eliminate the bus service. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.
2.The woman expressed her opinion of the change that has been announced. State her opinion and explain her reasons for holding that opinion.
3.The computer department is considering a scheduling change. Explain the man’s opinion of the change and reasons he gives for holding that opinion.
通常情況下,大多數(shù)的Task 3的問(wèn)題都會(huì)以種形式出現(xiàn),在問(wèn)題中,要求考生解釋對(duì)話中一個(gè)主要說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度并給出持此態(tài)度的原因。大多數(shù)的問(wèn)題并沒(méi)有涉及到閱讀,但是為了擁有一個(gè)完美的答案,建議考生還是要總結(jié)一下文章內(nèi)容。
二、閱讀
Task 3里的文章篇幅通常在75-100字之間,根據(jù)閱讀的長(zhǎng)短,考生會(huì)有40-50秒的時(shí)間閱讀。閱讀材料內(nèi)容一般是有關(guān)于大學(xué)的政策、計(jì)劃或者是提案,同時(shí)包含有支持或反對(duì)該新政策的兩點(diǎn)理由。在文章中,通常會(huì)有非常明顯的解釋兩點(diǎn)理由的標(biāo)志,如:The reason is…, 而第二點(diǎn)原因也會(huì)有很明顯的標(biāo)志詞。因此,在閱讀過(guò)程中,考生需要有跳讀的能力,在讀完主題句后,快速的挑出兩點(diǎn)原因。接下來(lái),我們拿一篇口語(yǔ)Task 3真題來(lái)分析講解。
History Seminars Should Be Shorter
Currently, all of the seminar classes in the history department are three hours long. I would like to propose that history seminars be shortened to two hours. I make this proposal for two reasons. First, most students just cannot concentrate for three hours straight. I, myself, have taken these three-hour seminars and found them tiring and sometimes boring. Also, when a seminar lasts that long, people stop concentrating and stop learning, so the third hour of a three-hour seminar is a waste of everyone’s time. Two-hour seminars would be much more efficient.
這是一篇學(xué)生寫的建議縮短歷史課的信。這篇文章的結(jié)構(gòu)可以代表幾乎所有Task 3的文章結(jié)構(gòu)--首句先給出公告內(nèi)容,接下去用一個(gè)直觀原因和例子或者結(jié)果來(lái)解釋個(gè)原因,之后再用相同的結(jié)構(gòu)陳述第二個(gè)原因??忌枰壤砬彘喿x的脈絡(luò),才可以用盡量短的時(shí)間把握住閱讀的重點(diǎn),為接下來(lái)的聽(tīng)力對(duì)話做好準(zhǔn)備。由于大多數(shù)的題目里面沒(méi)有要求總結(jié)閱讀內(nèi)容,因此考生可以盡可能簡(jiǎn)練的闡述閱讀內(nèi)容,爭(zhēng)取用一句話的時(shí)間完成閱讀內(nèi)容的概括總結(jié)。
文中闡明了寫信者的態(tài)度—把原本三小時(shí)的歷史課縮短至兩小時(shí),并且給了兩點(diǎn)理由:大多數(shù)學(xué)生注意力無(wú)法持續(xù)三小時(shí),并且在最后一小時(shí)學(xué)生會(huì)停止學(xué)習(xí),因此會(huì)浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。那么在兼顧內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)的同時(shí),考生可以用原因狀語(yǔ)從句完成對(duì)建議和原因的概括。例如:Tim proposes to shorten the seminar to two hours because most students can’t concentrate for three hours straight and students stop learning at the third hour. 此為一個(gè)高分答案中對(duì)閱讀的概括。此答案包含了信件的中心思想及兩個(gè)支持原因,無(wú)多余的內(nèi)容,句型簡(jiǎn)單概括,因此可以為考生提供一定的范本。
三、兩人對(duì)話
在小文章之后,考生會(huì)聽(tīng)到一段長(zhǎng)度為60-80秒的學(xué)生對(duì)話。一般都是一個(gè)女生和一個(gè)男生的對(duì)話。在對(duì)話中,一個(gè)學(xué)生會(huì)先談?wù)摰轿恼轮刑岬降挠?jì)劃,引出話題,接下來(lái)兩個(gè)同學(xué)就會(huì)展開討論。在對(duì)話中,通??梢郧逦呐袛喑鲋饕恼f(shuō)話者,也就是題目要求總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)的人。這位學(xué)生通常會(huì)占據(jù)對(duì)話中的大多時(shí)間,并且對(duì)政策問(wèn)題始終持有強(qiáng)烈的意見(jiàn),并且會(huì)對(duì)問(wèn)題做出較為詳細(xì)的闡述。相反,另一位同學(xué)相對(duì)被動(dòng),主要是用來(lái)襯托那位觀點(diǎn)突出的學(xué)生。因此,考生需要格外注意那位積極抒發(fā)自己見(jiàn)解的學(xué)生的觀點(diǎn)。
在聽(tīng)力過(guò)程中,觀點(diǎn)鮮明的學(xué)生通常會(huì)持有反對(duì)或者贊同閱讀提案的態(tài)度,一般會(huì)在對(duì)話的前兩句很明確的表明自己的立場(chǎng),之后也會(huì)一一針對(duì)閱讀里給出的兩點(diǎn)原因闡明自己支持或反對(duì)此觀點(diǎn)的意見(jiàn),那么就需要考生格外注意聽(tīng)針對(duì)閱讀兩點(diǎn)原因給出的評(píng)論。我們來(lái)看一個(gè)例子:
(Woman) I totally disagree with Tim’s proposal.
(Man) Why?
(Woman) Well, look, Tim’s my friend but he’s not your typical student. He stays up late partying every night, week nights, too.
(Man) If he parties every night no wonder he can’t pay attention.
(Woman) Yes, and most students aren’t like that. They come to class prepared and rested and they can concentrate.
(Man) So, you’re saying that problem is really Tim.
(Woman) Yes. He was in one of my classes last year and whenever I looked at him he was actually sleeping.
(Man) I guess if he was sleeping, he can’t really know what’s happening, what other people in class are doing.
(Woman) Right! And you want to know what does happen in that last hour of seminar? In a lot of seminars that I’ve been in, that’s when things get interesting.
(Man) Really?
(Woman) Yes, that’s usually when students get really involved in the discussion and start exchanging important ideas, and if the History department actually did what Tim suggests, well if they did that, what would happen is you’d lose what might be the most worthwhile part of the seminar.
在這個(gè)對(duì)話中,女生開頭明確的表明了自己的立場(chǎng)—不同意寫信人Tim的觀點(diǎn),之后她開始解釋反對(duì)的原因,一是因?yàn)門im自身熬夜的原因?qū)е伦约簾o(wú)法在課堂上集中注意力并且其他學(xué)生并非和他一樣,二是歷史課的最后一小時(shí)通常是最有趣的時(shí)間。通常情況下,對(duì)于聽(tīng)力部分高效的總結(jié)包含兩個(gè)部分:一是闡明規(guī)定的學(xué)生的態(tài)度,二是在時(shí)間允許的條件下,盡可能詳細(xì)的總結(jié)出來(lái)此學(xué)生持此態(tài)度的兩點(diǎn)理由。而通常這兩點(diǎn)理由中又分別包含了因果的關(guān)系。例如,上述對(duì)話總結(jié)的高分范例為:
The woman in the conversation totally disagrees with the proposal. She says Tim is not a typical student. He stays up late every night and that’s why he can’t concentrate in the seminar. But most students aren’t like him. They all come to seminars with good rests and preparation. Also, Tim always sleeps in the classes. He doesn’t know that the third hour of a seminar is the most important part because that’s when students begin discussions and start to exchange ideas. So the last hour is the most worthwhile part of a seminar and shouldn’t be canceled.
此范文也可為考生提供一定的模板:立場(chǎng)--原因1--連接詞--原因2。一份完整的答案需要包含文中所提到的各個(gè)方面。例如女生在解釋個(gè)原因的時(shí)候,有提到寫信人Tim和大多數(shù)學(xué)生的一個(gè)對(duì)比—Tim經(jīng)常晚上熬夜,而大多數(shù)學(xué)生都會(huì)充分休息好之后帶著準(zhǔn)備去上課—此為個(gè)支持點(diǎn)里的原因。之后女生又提到了Tim會(huì)在課堂上睡覺(jué),此為個(gè)支持點(diǎn)里的結(jié)果。這兩個(gè)點(diǎn)合在一起,完成了一個(gè)完整的大原因。此外,考生還需注意不要完全復(fù)述對(duì)話中的內(nèi)容,須對(duì)對(duì)話進(jìn)行一定的同義詞及同義句的轉(zhuǎn)換。
四、高分技巧
1.避免原句照搬閱讀和聽(tīng)力內(nèi)容,適當(dāng)進(jìn)行詞匯和語(yǔ)法的替換。由于從Task 3開始,考生需要做的只是復(fù)述閱讀和聽(tīng)力內(nèi)容,導(dǎo)致很多考生在完成Task 3的時(shí)候,更多的是直接摘用閱讀和聽(tīng)力原句。要知道這樣是會(huì)對(duì)考生的成績(jī)產(chǎn)生一定的影響的,考生需要在總結(jié)出中心句的同時(shí),對(duì)中心句進(jìn)行一定的paraphrase。例如,聽(tīng)力原文的對(duì)話為:“They come to class prepared and rested and they can concentrate.”此句中,對(duì)話者用了過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ),而在高分例文中,此句被轉(zhuǎn)化為:“They all come to seminars with good rests and preparation.” 由答案句可以看出,過(guò)去分詞的形式被替換成了with結(jié)構(gòu),而此結(jié)構(gòu)也是語(yǔ)法中比較容易拿高分的句型。其實(shí)考生在回答綜合口語(yǔ)問(wèn)題時(shí),倒是沒(méi)有必要用到過(guò)于復(fù)雜高深的語(yǔ)法,在能夠流利清晰表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的同時(shí),句型稍作轉(zhuǎn)變,就可以拿到理想的分?jǐn)?shù)。
2.提高記筆記的能力。做好閱讀和聽(tīng)力部分的筆記,也是回答好Task 3的必要關(guān)鍵。如果考生只是單純地閱讀和聽(tīng)力而沒(méi)有做任何的筆記的話,那么在回答的時(shí)候可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)丟失信息的問(wèn)題;而字字句句都記下來(lái),除了會(huì)影響考生聽(tīng)下一句的注意力,也會(huì)導(dǎo)致回答沒(méi)有層次重點(diǎn),回答的時(shí)候時(shí)間不夠。由于題目不會(huì)直接考察閱讀中的事實(shí),這些事實(shí)只提供一些背景信息,考生只需要記下閱讀中的關(guān)鍵詞—一個(gè)觀點(diǎn),兩點(diǎn)理由。而在聽(tīng)力中,由于主要說(shuō)話者只有一人,而且觀點(diǎn)鮮明,在記筆記時(shí),考生需要集中注意力聽(tīng)此人的觀點(diǎn),為最后的問(wèn)題做準(zhǔn)備。而另外一個(gè)學(xué)生通常只說(shuō)些沒(méi)有實(shí)質(zhì)性的內(nèi)容,如Really? 或Yeah, that’s right. 因此,不需要留意這個(gè)學(xué)生所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容。在聽(tīng)到表達(dá)鮮明觀點(diǎn)的學(xué)生所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容時(shí),考生需要及時(shí)用簡(jiǎn)寫的形式記下這兩個(gè)理由。這就要求考生要有一套自己習(xí)慣的簡(jiǎn)寫的標(biāo)記,比如business可以縮寫為biz??忌恍枰W(xué)習(xí)其他人的簡(jiǎn)寫技巧,自己用的熟悉習(xí)慣才是關(guān)鍵。
此外,考生在回答Task 3問(wèn)題的時(shí)候,也需要熟練使用間接引語(yǔ)和停頓。綜上所述,如果想要在Task 3拿到理想的成績(jī),考生需要具備較高的閱讀、聽(tīng)力及總結(jié)的能力,而所有的一切都基于考生持之以恒的練習(xí)。熟能生巧,考生需要不懈努力。
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